Invitrogen™ PD-L1/4-1BBL Humanized Biosimilar Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibody

PD-L1 (Programmed Death-Ligand 1) is a transmembrane protein encoded by the CD274 gene located on chromosome 9p24.1. It is expressed on various cell types, including tumor cells, where it plays a critical role in immune evasion by binding to its receptor PD-1 on T cells, thus inhibiting T cell function and allowing tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. PD-L1 has also been implicated in promoting tumor growth, progression, and radioresistance. On the other hand, 4-1BBL (4-1BB ligand) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. It is encoded by the TNFSF9 gene on chromosome 19p13.3. 4-1BBL binds to its receptor 4-1BB (CD137) on T cells, providing a co-stimulatory signal that enhances T cell proliferation and survival, as well as cytokine production. The interaction between 4-1BBL and 4-1BB is crucial in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in cancer immunotherapy, where it is leveraged to boost anti-tumor immunity.